Test, Measurement & Evaluation Notes in English Class 11 Physical Education Chapter-6 Book-1

 

Write the meaning of testing, measurement and evaluation.

Test:

Testing is a process in which activities or questions are given to test a person's abilities.

Measurement:

• Measurement means measuring something in terms of a number or standard, such as length, weight, or distance.

Evaluation:

• Evaluation means analyzing someone's performance or work and seeing how well he did and where there is need for improvement.

• Importance of Testing, Measurement and Evaluation in Sports 

To set objectives:

• Whenever you set objectives for anything in physical education and sports you have to go through the process of testing, measurement and evaluation.

Helps to know the abilities of players

It is not possible to know the capabilities of players without testing, measurement and evaluation. Proper testing and evaluation is necessary to understand their capabilities.

Helps in selection of players:

A player is selected based on his performance, which can only be measured through a process of testing, measurement and evaluation. During the selection process, the coach or selector already defines these processes in a proper manner.

Helps in assessing learners

The learning of any knowledge or skill is not successful unless it is evaluated from time to time. By evaluating the learners we can know their need for improvement and their progress.

Research work helps in:

During research, we try to find out something new by using proper testing and measurement procedures in comparison with the existing research.

BMI, waist-hip ratio, skinfold measurements (3-sites)

Calculation of BMI

BMI or Body Mass Index is a ratio of weight and height. In this, weight (in kilograms) is divided by the square of height (in meters). BMI shows whether a person's weight is correct according to his height or not.

Calculating the Waist-Hip Ratio 

Waist Hip Ratio: 

It is defined as the ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference in inches.

Calculating Skin Fold Measurements

Skin fold measurement:

Skinfold calipers are used to assess skinfold thickness, so that the total amount of body fat can be estimated. There are a total of 9 locations in the human body for assessing skinfold thickness.

Describe the body types (endomorph, mesomorph, ectomorph).

Human body type refers to the shape and structure of the human body. According to the famous scientist William Herbert Sheldon, all people are divided into the following three categories based on body shape:

• Endomorph

• Mesomorph

• Ectomorph

Endomorph:

• The body of such persons is round and plump.

• Due to their large and well built body they are unable to perform well in sports.

Suitable games for:

• Power Lifting

Mesomorph:

• Mesomorph individuals have well-built, strong, and square bodies.

• These persons have broad shoulders.

• These people can perform well in any sport.

Ectomorph:

• People who have a slim and tall body are placed in the ectomorph category.

• Their muscles are thin and their arms and legs are long.

• Their chest is flat and the body is light.

Suitable sport:

• long distance running

• Gymnastics

• endurance sports

Measures of health-related fitness

• Health-related fitness is concerned with developing and maintaining components of fitness that can enhance the level of health by preventing and treating a variety of illnesses and diseases.

• Health fitness improves a person's ability to work efficiently and maintain a healthy lifestyle. 

• Thus, it can be said that health fitness is very important for all individuals.

Health-related fitness can be broadly divided into five components.

• Body composition

• Cardio & respiratory Endurance

• Muscular Endurance

• लचक (Flexibility)

• Muscular strength

Body Composition:

• Body composition refers to the proportion of body weight free of fat. It is a well-known fact that a high percentage of body fat in total body weight is risky and leads to obesity.

• From a health point of view, the normal percentage of body fat for young men and women should not exceed 15 and 25 respectively. Various methods such as underwater weight measurement, skinfold measurement and anthropometric measurement are used to measure the body composition of a person.

Cardiorespiratory Endurance 

• Cardiorespiratory endurance refers to the body's ability for the heart (cardiovascular system) and lungs (respiratory system) to maintain sustained physical activity over long periods of time.

• It shows how efficiently the body absorbs oxygen, transports it through the blood to the muscles, and uses it for energy production.

Muscular Endurance

• Muscular endurance refers to the number of times a muscle or group of muscles can repeatedly contract (stretch and expand) against a force, or the maximum amount of time the contraction can be maintained.

Flexibility

• It is the range of motion of the joints. It is important for all individuals in daily life. It can be classified into passive flexibility and active flexibility.

• Active flexibility can be further divided into two parts: static flexibility and dynamic flexibility.

• Flexibility can be measured using the “Sit and Reach Test”.

Muscular strength:

• Muscular strength is the maximum force that a muscle or group of muscles can exert against a resistance in a single contraction.

• It can be measured through pull-ups, weight lifting and push-ups etc.