Social Justice Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Political Science Chapter-4 Book-Political Theory

 

1. What was the concept of justice in the ancient Indian context?

Answer:

• Justice was linked with 'Dharma'.

• Religion meant social and moral order.

• It was the duty of the king to maintain justice and balance in the society.

• The purpose of justice in ancient Indian society was to maintain social harmony and morality.

2. What was the concept of justice according to Confucius?

Answer:

• According to Confucius (great philosopher of China) justice should be based on the policy of punishment and reward.

• Those who do wrong should be punished and those who do good should be rewarded.

• Justice was considered a responsibility of morality and governance.

• To maintain justice and discipline in the society, a balance between happiness and sorrow was necessary.

3. What definition of justice did Plato and Socrates give?

Answer:

• In his book "The Republic," Plato linked justice to the duties of every individual in society.

• Socrates said that justice is linked to the long-term interest of the society.

• Justice does not mean only personal interest but also the welfare of the society.

• If people break the rules for their own selfish interests, anarchy will spread in society.

4. What is the meaning of justice in modern times?

Answer:

• Justice means that every person gets his due share (rights).

• All citizens should have equal opportunities, respect, and resources.

• The modern judicial system is based on the principles of equality, liberty and fairness.

5. What are the main principles of justice?

Answer:

1. Equal treatment to equal people – There should be no discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, gender.

2. Taking care of special needs – Providing special facilities to the handicapped, the poor, and the underprivileged.

3. Equitable distribution of resources – Providing equal opportunities for education, health, and employment.

4. Fair distribution - making policies to protect a particular group from exploitation.

6. What is the relation between equality and justice in society?

Answer:

• Equality and justice are interconnected.

• If there is no justice in the society then equality will also not be possible.

• To make the society just, it is necessary for all citizens to get equal opportunities and rights.

• The aim of social justice is to provide justice to the exploited classes and include them in the mainstream.

7. What is the relation of reservation policy with justice?

Answer:

• The purpose of reservation is to provide equal opportunities to the socially and economically backward classes.

• Reservation has been provided for SC, ST, OBC in the Constitution.

• Reservation in education and government jobs gives the deprived sections an opportunity to progress.

• However, some people consider it discrimination and it is also criticized.

8. What are the main points of John Rawls's theory of justice?

Answer:

• John Rawls gave the theory of 'Veil of Ignorance'.

• He said that if people did not know what class they would be born into in society, they would support just policies.

• All citizens should get equal opportunities and minimum basic facilities.

• To ensure justice in the society, services like education, health and housing should be available to all.

9. What is the difference between a free market and state intervention?

• Supporters of the free market believe that competition distributes resources in society on the basis of merit.

• Supporters of state intervention believe that government intervention is necessary to provide a minimum standard of living to everyone.

10. What steps should the government take for justice?

Answer:

• Improvement in education and health services.

• To implement special schemes for the poor and underprivileged sections.

• Providing equal pay and employment opportunities.

• Ensuring social justice through reservation and special facilities.

• To ensure strict enforcement of laws so that there is no discrimination and injustice.

11. What is meant by equitable distribution of resources?

Answer:

• There should be proper and equal distribution of resources in the society.

• Resources like education, health, water, and employment should be available to everyone.

• Example – Education and health facilities should be free for the poor and underprivileged sections.

12. What is the relation between freedom of expression and justice?

Answer:

• Freedom of expression is necessary to establish justice.

• If people do not have the freedom to express their views, justice will not be achieved.

• The judiciary must remain impartial and independent so that all citizens can get justice.

13. What are the requirements of social justice?

Answer:

• Eliminate caste, sexism, and religious discrimination.

• Providing education and health facilities to all.

• To provide equal opportunities to women and weaker sections.

• To implement minimum wage and employment guarantee scheme for the poor.

14. Is reservation justified?

Answer:

• Reservation is a way of ensuring social justice.

• This provides equal opportunity to the backward and deprived classes.

• However, some people consider it discriminatory and against merit.

• Therefore, reservation should be implemented for a limited period as per need.

15. What measures can be taken to improve the judicial system?

Answer:

• There should be speed in disposal of cases in courts.

• E-court and online complaint system should be implemented.

• Free legal aid should be given to the poor.

• The judiciary should be kept free from political interference.