Equality Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Political Science Chapter-3 Book-Political Theory

 

1. What is equality?

Answer:

• Equality means giving equal opportunities and rights to all the individuals of the society.

• This principle ensures that there is no discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, sex, economic status or any other basis.

• The purpose of equality is to promote justice, dignity and respect.

2. What is the importance of equality?

Answer:

1. Respect for human dignity – Every person should get respect and equal rights in the society.

2. Social Justice – Helpful in providing equal opportunities to the deprived and exploited sections of the society.

3. Foundation of Democracy – Democracy is incomplete without equality.

4. Historical inspiration - “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” slogan of French Revolution.

5. Equal opportunity and empowerment – ​​Every individual should get the opportunity to develop his/her potential.

6. Development and Peace – Equality maintains peace and stability in the society.

3. Does equality mean treating every person equally in every situation?

Answer:

• No, equality does not mean that everyone should be treated the same.

• The status of people may vary according to their different functions and responsibilities in society.

• It is important that there should be no discrimination on the basis of birth, caste, religion or gender.

Example:

• The Prime Minister may have special government status, but that is fine as long as it is not misused.

• Providing ramps and special facilities for the disabled is not an inequality but a just measure.

4. What is meant by equality of opportunities?

Answer:

• Everyone should get equal opportunity to develop their skills and talents.

• Without equal opportunity in education, health and employment, society becomes unequal.

• Equal opportunities does not mean that everyone will be equally successful, but it means ensuring that everyone gets a chance to realise their potential.

Example:

If a child is born in a poor family, he should also get as good education and health facilities as the children of rich families get.

5. What is the difference between natural and social inequalities?

Answer:

• Natural inequality cannot be changed, but social inequality can be eliminated.

• Considering women as “weak” or black people as less intelligent is an inequality created by society.

6. What are the major dimensions of equality?

Answer:

1. Political equality – All citizens should get equal political rights, like right to vote, right to contest elections.

2. Social equality – There should be no discrimination on the basis of caste, religion, sex etc.

3. Economic equality – Everyone should have equal access to employment and resources.

7. What is economic equality and how can it be achieved?

Answer:

Economic equality means that all individuals in the society should get equal opportunities to fulfill their needs.

For this the government has to-

• Education and health services should be made available to all.

• Subsidies and employment opportunities should be given to the poor.

• A policy of equal distribution of property should be adopted.

8. What is the role of Marxism and economic equality?

Answer:

• According to Marxism, the main cause of inequality is private property.

• The capitalist class (bourgeoisie) exploits the working class (proletariat).

• Equal distribution of wealth and government control are necessary to achieve economic equality.

• Socialism is based on this ideology.

9. What is the difference between liberalism and economic equality?

Answer:

10. How can we promote equality?

Answer:

1. Establishment of formal equality – Enforcing equality in society through law.

2. By differential treatment – ​​giving special favours to disadvantaged groups (e.g. special facilities for handicapped).

3. Affirmative Action – Reducing inequality through reservations, scholarships, and government aid.

11. What is equality by differential treatment?

Answer:

This principle states that in order to provide equal opportunities to all people, extra facilities should be given to certain special classes.

Example:

• Ramp facility for disabled people.

• Reservation in government jobs for women.

• Free education for poor children.

12. What is Affirmative Action?

Answer:

Affirmative action refers to policies that are designed to provide equal opportunities to disadvantaged classes.

Example:

• Reservation for Scheduled Castes (SC), Scheduled Tribes (ST) and Backward Classes (OBC).

• Scholarships and subsidies for the poor.

• Special schemes for minorities.

13. What measures have been taken to ensure equality in India?

Answer:

• Right to Equality in Constitution (Articles 14-18).

• Prohibition of caste and gender discrimination.

• Reservation policy for Scheduled Castes, Tribes and Backward Classes.

• Reservation in government jobs for women.

• Education and health facilities for the poor.

14. What are the main problems standing in the way of equality?

Answer:

• Racism and gender discrimination.

• Poverty and unemployment.

• Inequality in education and health facilities.

• Religious and communal discrimination.

• Political discrimination (dominance of certain classes in politics).

15. What is the relation between equality and justice?

Answer:

• Equality and justice are interconnected.

• Justice means that every person should get his rights and opportunities.

• If there is no equality in the society then justice will also not be possible.