Fundamentals of Anatomy, Physiology in Sports Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Physical Education Chapter-7 Book-1

 

Short Answer Questions & Answers

1. What is Anatomy?

Answer: 

Anatomy is the study of the structure of the human body. It studies the structure and position of bones, muscles, organs, tissues and cells.

2. What is Physiology?

Answer: 

Physiology is the study of body functions and their interrelationships. It helps in understanding how the body works and responds to different conditions.

3. What are the functions of the skeletal system?

Answer:

• Giving shape and structure to the body.

• Providing support and protection to the internal organs.

• Making movement and motion possible in the body.

• Producing blood cells in the bone marrow.

• Storing minerals like calcium and phosphorus.

4. How many types of bones are there?

Answer:

1. Long Bones- Femur, Humerus.

2. Short Bones- Carpal, Tarsal.

3. Flat Bones – Skull, ribs.

4. Irregular Bones – Vertebrae.

5. Sesamoid Bones- Patella(Knee).

5. What are the major joints of the body?

Answer:

• Immovable Joints: Skull.

• Slightly Movable Joints: Spine.

• Ball and Socket Joint: Shoulder, hip.

• Hinge Joint: Knee, Elbow.

• Pivot Joint: Neck.

• Gliding Joint: Wrist, Ankle.

6. What are the four main properties of muscles?

Answer:

1. Excitability: The ability to respond to stimulation.

2. Contractibility: The ability to function in a contracted manner.

3. Extensibility: Ability to spread.

4. Elasticity: The ability to return to the original position.

7. What is the circulatory system?

Answer: 

This system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood, which transports oxygen, nutrients, and hormones throughout the body.

8. What is the structure of the heart?

Answer: 

The heart is divided into four chambers:

• Left Atrium

• Right Atrium

• Left Ventricle

• Right Ventricle

9. What are the main organs of the respiratory system?

Answer:

• Nose and Mouth

• Pharynx

• Trachea

• Bronchial Tubes

• Lungs

• Diaphragm

10. What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer:

• Providing oxygen to the body.

• Expelling carbon dioxide and other waste gases.

• Controlling body temperature.

• Provides protection from harmful particles by nasal hair.

Long Answer Questions & Answers

1. What is the importance of anatomy and physiology in sports?

Answer:

1. Maintaining a healthy body: Fitness can be maintained by understanding the structure of body organs, muscles and bones.

2. Designing a training program: The right training methods are adopted based on the body’s capabilities.

3. Improve performance: By understanding how the body works, athletes can improve their strength, endurance and flexibility.

4. Prevention of injuries: Injuries can be prevented by adopting correct technique.

5. Increasing physical fitness: Stamina and endurance are increased by strengthening the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.

2. Explain the structure and function of the circulatory system and heart.

Answer:

The circulatory system controls the flow of blood and nutrients in the body. It is divided into three main parts:

1. Pulmonary Circulation: Flow of blood from the heart to the lungs.

2. Systemic Circulation: The flow of blood from the heart to other parts of the body.

3. Coronary Circulation: Supply of blood to the heart muscle.

Structure of the heart:

The heart is divided into four chambers – two atriums and two ventricles.

Blood vessels are connected to the heart; arteries carry oxygen-rich blood and veins return carbon dioxide-rich blood to the heart.

Functions of the heart:

• Pumping blood.

• Delivering oxygen and nutrients to body parts.

• expelling carbon dioxide and waste materials.

• Controlling blood pressure.

3. Explain the structure and function of the respiratory system.

Answer:

Major organs of the respiratory system:

• Nose and mouth: take in air and perform filtering functions.

• Pharynx: Carries air to the trachea.

• Trachea: The tube that carries air to the lungs.

• Bronchial tubes: Divide from the trachea and carry air to the lungs.

• Lungs: Function to transport oxygen into the blood.

• Diaphragm: Controls the breathing process.

Functions of the respiratory system:

• Providing oxygen to the body.

• expelling carbon dioxide.

• Controlling body temperature.

• Protecting the airways from harmful external particles.