Question – What is the population growth rate?
Answer -
- The change in population of an area over a definite period of time is called population growth.
- When population change is expressed in percentage it is called population growth rate.
There are 2 types of population growth rate-
1. Positive growth rate of population - When the birth rate exceeds the death rate between any two time intervals, then it is called positive growth rate of population.
2. Negative growth rate of population - When the birth rate becomes less than the death rate between any two time intervals, then it is called negative growth rate of population.
Question – What are the three important components of population change?
Answer -
1. Birth
2. Death
3. Travel
Question – What is meant by migration?
Answer -
- When people move from one place to another, the place from where they leave is called the place of origin and the place where they arrive is called the destination.
- The place of origin shows a decrease in population while the population at the place of destination increases.
Question: Describe the main factors causing population migration in the world.
Answer -
1) Better work opportunities
2) Good living conditions
3) Peace and stability
4) Favourable climate
5) Protection of life and property
Question: Describe the main pushing factors of migration.
Answer -
1) Poor living conditions
2) Political conditions
3) Adverse climate
4) Natural calamities
5) Epidemics
6) Economic backwardness
Question: Explain the main consequences of population growth (increase) and decline (decrease) in any area.
Answer -
Population growth of a country can have both positive and negative impact on its economic development.
Problems caused by population growth: -
1) Excessive load on resources.
2) Rapid depletion of resources.
3) Difficulty in feeding the population.
4) Arrest of the pace of development.
Consequences of population decline: -
1) Resources are not fully utilised.
2) The basic structure of society itself becomes unstable.
3) The future of the country is drowned in worry and despair.
Question: Describe the different stages of demographic transition?
Answer -
- Demographic transition theory helps in describing the population of a region and predicting its future population.
- According to this theory, as a country or society progresses from rural, agricultural and uneducated to urban, industrial and literate
- Due to this, the situation of high birth and high death rate in that society starts changing to low birth and low death rate. These changes happen in different stages.
- These are collectively called the demographic cycle.
first stage
- In the first stage there is high birth rate and high death rate.
- Population growth is slow and most people are engaged in primary occupations.
- Large families are considered assets
- Life expectancy is low.
Second stage
- In this stage, the birth rate remains high initially
- But it decreases with time.
- In this stage the mortality rate decreases.
- Due to the difference in birth rate and death rate, the population increases rapidly. Later it starts decreasing.
Third stage
- In this situation, the birth rate and death rate decrease significantly.
- There is almost a state of equilibrium.
- The population either stabilises or grows very little.
- In this stage the population becomes educated
- And controls the size of the family thoughtfully with the help of technical knowledge
Question: Tell me the measures for population control?
Answer -
1. Family planning program
2. Contraceptives
3. Spread of education
Question: Explain the factors affecting population distribution?
Or
Question - Is the distribution and density of population in the world uneven? Describe it?
Answer -
Factors affecting population distribution
- Geographic factors
- economic factors
- socio cultural factors
I. Geographical factors
1. Water
- People prefer to settle in a place where water is easily available
- That is why river valleys are densely populated areas in the world
2. Geomorphology
- People prefer to settle on flat places
- These are suitable for road construction and industries.
- Because people prefer to live less in hilly and rocky areas
3. Climate
- The extreme climate of extremely hot or cold deserts is inconvenient for human settlement.
- People prefer to live in areas with comfortable climate
4. Soil
- Fertile soils are important for agriculture
- That is why more people live in regions with fertile loamy soil
- Because these soils can become the basis for intensive agriculture.
II. Economic factors
1. Minerals
- Areas rich in minerals attract industries.
- Mining and industrial activities generate employment.
- Skilled and semi-skilled workers reach these areas and make the population dense.
- Africa - Katanga, Zambia Copper Belt
2. Urbanization
- Better employment opportunities, educational and medical facilities
- Better means of transport and communication
- Good civic amenities and the attractions of urban life draw people to cities.
- This leads to migration from rural to urban areas and cities grow in size.
3. Industrialization
- Industrial belts provide employment opportunities and attract a large number of people.
- These include not only factory workers but also transport operators, shopkeepers, bank employees, doctors, teachers and other service providers.
- The Kobe-Osaka region of Japan is densely populated due to the presence of many industries.
III.Sociocultural factors
- Some places attract more people because of their religious or cultural importance.
- Similarly, people leave areas where there is social and political unrest.
- Sometimes governments offer incentives for people to settle in sparsely populated areas or move from crowded places.
Question - There are many areas in the world with high population density? Why is that so?
Answer -
