Human Geography Nature and Scope Important Short and Long Questions Class 12 Geography Chapter-1 Book-Fundamentals of Human Geography

Question – Define human geography and tell its main areas of study.

Answer-

1. Human geography is the study of the interrelationships and differences between the geographical environment and human activities. 

2. According to Ratzel - Human geography is a synthetic study of the relations between human societies and the surface.

Field of study of human geography

• Study of the population and capabilities of an area

• The study of the use and planning of a region's resources

• study of the cultural environment of a region

• study of the climate of an area

Question - Define human geography according to Allen C. Sample.

Answer -

• "Human geography is the study of the changing relationships between the unstable Earth and active human beings." 

Question – Tell the 5 areas of human geography?

Answer - 

• social geography 

• urban geography 

• Political Geography 

• Population Geography 

• Habitat Geography 

• Economic Geography 

Question: Name the sub-fields of human geography.

Answer -

• Military geography 

• Medical Geography 

• Behavioral geography

• Electoral Geography

• Geography of leisure

• Gender Geography

• Historical Geography

• Agricultural Geography 

• Industry Geography 

• Tourism Geography 

Question - "There is mutual interaction between the elements of physical geography and human geography." Explain this statement with suitable examples.

Answer - 

• There is mutual interaction between the elements of physical geography and human geography. 

• Various features of physical geography such as land structure, climate, soil, material, water and vegetation affect human living conditions and economic and social activities. 

• Nature determines man's work and life, it determines human life. 

• Human life is based on natural resources. Human employment is provided through the same natural resources. 

• Crop cycle, means of transportation etc. are all affected. 

• Nature provides ample opportunities for human development and humans use these opportunities for development.

Question - Nature and man are so intricately intertwined that they cannot be separated from each other. "Prove the statement.

Answer -

• Nature and humans are intricately intertwined.

• Nature and humans cannot be separated from each other.

• Through mutual interaction, humans have created new effects on the natural environment 

• Created a social and cultural environment.

Question –  What is meant by environmental determinism?

Or

Tell us about the naturalization of humans?

Or

In the initial stages, was man afraid of nature? Describe

Answer -  

• In the early stages of interaction with the natural environment, humans were greatly influenced by it. They adapted themselves to the dictates of nature.

• The reason for this is that the level of technology was very low and the stage of human social development was also primitive.

• This type of interaction between primitive human society and the powerful forces of nature was called environmental determinism.

Question: Tell me about possibilism?

                   Or

What is meant by humanization of nature? Describe 

                     Or 

Nature provides opportunities and humans utilize them and gradually nature gets humanized?

Answer -

• This school of thought in human geography is called possibilism.

• With time, man develops better technology by understanding nature and gives birth to possibilities through the resources obtained from the environment 

• The effects of human activities are visible everywhere  

Question - "Neo-determinism attempts to create a balance conceptually." Explain?

Or

"Neo-determinism is the contribution of Griffith Taylor which is an attempt to create a balance between the two ideologies". Explain.

Or

Mention any five characteristics of neo-determinism.

Answer - 

The father of this ideology is Griffith Taylor.

• This ideology presents a middle path between environmental determinism and possibilism.

• It emphasizes on solving problems without harming the environment.

• According to environmental determinism, man can neither live completely dependent on nature nor can he live independently of nature

• To conquer nature, we must follow nature's own rules and save it from destruction.

• While using natural resources, we should keep the limitations of nature in mind. 

Example - 

1. To save forests from destruction during industrialization. 

2. To prevent overexploitation while mining.