1. What is Bio-mechanics?
Answer:
Biomechanics is the branch of science that studies the mechanical processes and their functions in the body of living beings. It mainly focuses on understanding the structure of the body, motion, force, energy and their mutual effects.
2. What is the utility of biomechanics?
Answer:
- Improves sports performance.
- Helps in the development of medical equipment and techniques.
- Helps prevent and heal injuries.
- Used in robotics and prosthetics manufacturing.
3. What is the importance of biomechanics in physical education and sports?
Answer:
- Helpful in improving performance in sports.
- Improves exercise and training technique.
- Helps in maintaining correct body posture and balance.
- Helpful in the prevention and rehabilitation of injuries.
- Helpful in improving sports equipment and techniques.
4. What are Newton's three laws of motion?
Answer:
1. Law of Inertia
2. Law of Acceleration
3. Law of Action-Reaction
5. What is the law of inertia?
Answer:
According to Newton's first law, any object remains in its present state (rest or motion) unless an external force acts on it.
Example:
- A stationary football will not move unless it is kicked.
- When a moving car is suddenly braked the driver leans forward.
6. What is the law of acceleration?
Answer:
According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of an object is proportional to the force applied on it and inversely proportional to its mass.
Principle:
𝐹 = 𝑚 × 𝑎
F= m × a (Force = mass × acceleration)
Example:
- By applying more force on a cricket ball its speed will increase.
- If a light object and a heavy object are pushed with the same force, the lighter object will move faster.
7. What is the law of reaction?
Answer:
According to Newton's third law, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
Example:
- When the swimmer pushes the water back, the water pushes him forward.
- The gun experiences a backward jerk when a bullet is fired.
- The rocket goes up because it releases gases downward.
8. How many types of balance are there?
Answer:
There are two types of balance:
1. Dynamic Balance - When a person or object maintains balance while in motion. (eg - riding a bicycle)
2. Static Balance - When a person or object maintains balance in a static state. (eg - Shirshasana in yoga)
9. What are the principles of maintaining balance in sports?
Answer:
- Wide Base: A wide base is necessary to maintain balance. (Example - In wrestling, wrestlers stand with their legs wide apart)
- Keeping the center of gravity low: The lower the body's center of gravity, the better the balance.
- Body Mass: A person with more mass is more stable. (For example - it is difficult to knock down a heavy wrestler)
- Correct placement of the center of gravity: Keeping the center of gravity in the middle of the body improves balance.
10. What is friction?
Answer:
Friction is a type of force that occurs when two surfaces come in contact with each other and motion attempts to take place between them. Friction always acts in the opposite direction of motion.
11. Explain different types of friction in sports?
Answer:
1. Static Friction
- When an object is not in motion but is trying to move, static friction acts on it.
- Example: An athlete's shoes rest on the track before starting a race.
2. Dynamic Friction
When an object is actually moving, dynamic friction acts on it.
There are two types of kinetic friction:
1. Sliding Friction: When an object slides on the surface of another object. (Example - loading a box on a vehicle)
2. Rolling Friction: When an object rolls. (Example - A cricket ball stops while rolling on the ground)
12. What are the advantages and disadvantages of friction?
Answer:
Advantages of friction:
- Controls motion. (Example - We can walk only because of friction)
- Strengthens grip in sports. (eg. Badminton players increase friction to strengthen the grip of the racket)
- Produces energy. (Example - Rubbing hands produces heat)
Losses of friction:
- Things get worn out (e.g. shoes get worn out)
- Reduces speed. (eg. friction is reduced in skating)
- More energy is expended.
13. What is the contribution of biomechanics to sports?
Answer:
