Movements of Ocean Water Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Geography Chapter-13 Book-Fundamental of Physical Geography
0Team Eklavyaजून 12, 2025
1. How many types of movement of ocean water are there?
Answer:
The movement of ocean water is mainly of two types:
1. Horizontal movement: includes currents and waves (waves).
2. Vertical movement: which includes tides.
2. What are the reasons for the movement of ocean water?
Answer:
The factors affecting the movement of ocean water are:
Gravitational force of the Sun and Moon.
Effect of wind.
Differences in ocean temperature and density.
Rotation of the Earth (Coriolis effect).
Ocean Waves
3. What are sea waves?
Answer:
Sea waves are waves formed on the surface of ocean water due to energy, mainly created by wind.
4. What are the reasons behind the formation of sea waves?
Answer:
Air pressure and speed.
Earthquake or volcanic eruption (causing tsunami).
Gravitational force of the Moon and the Sun.
5. What happens when waves hit the shore?
Answer:
When waves hit the shore:
Their speed slows down.
They lose balance and turn into white foam.
The process of coastal erosion and deposition accelerates.
6. What are tides?
Answer:
Tides are the regular rise (tide) and fall (ebb) of the water level of the oceans, caused primarily by the gravitational forces of the Moon and the Sun.
7. What are the reasons behind the tides?
Answer:
Gravitational force of the moon.
Centrifugal Force.
Gravitational force of the Sun.
8. How many types of tides are there?
Answer:
1. On the basis of frequency:
Semi-diurnal Tide: Two high and two low tides in a day.
Diurnal Tide: One high and one low tide in a day.
Mixed Tide: High and low tides of unequal height.
2. Based on the position of the Sun, Moon and Earth:
Spring Tide: The highest tide when the Sun, Moon and Earth are in a straight line.
Neap Tide: The lowest tide when the Sun and Moon are at right angles.
9. What are the factors affecting the tides?
Answer:
The shape of continental coastlines.
Shape of bays and estuaries.
The depths of the oceans.
Atmospheric pressure and wind speed.
10. What is the importance of tides?
Answer:
Navigation: Helps ships enter coastal areas.
Fishing: Fishes come near the banks during high tide.
Coastal cleanup: Helps remove silt and sediment.
Tidal energy: Useful for electricity generation.
11. What are ocean currents?
Answer:
Ocean currents are the continuous flow of water in the oceans, which regularly flows in a certain direction.
12. How many types of ocean currents are there?
Answer:
Based on the depth:
Surface Currents: Flow from the ocean surface to a depth of up to 400 meters.
Deep Water Currents: Flow near the bottom of the ocean.
Depending on the temperature:
Warm Currents: Carry warm water from the tropics towards the poles.
Cold Currents: Carry cold water from polar regions towards tropical regions.
13. What are the factors affecting ocean currents?
Answer:
Effect of wind.
Temperature of ocean water.
Coriolis Effect.
Difference in density of water.
The shape of the coasts adjacent to ocean waters.
14. Name some major warm currents.
Answer:
Gulf Stream – Atlantic Ocean.
Kuroshio Current – Pacific Ocean.
Brazil Current – South Atlantic Ocean.
Agulhas Current – Indian Ocean.
15. Name some major cold currents.
Answer:
Canary Current – Atlantic Ocean.
Labrador Current – Atlantic Ocean.
Benguela Current – South Atlantic Ocean.
Peru or Humboldt Current – Pacific Ocean.
16. What effect do ocean currents have on the climate?
Answer:
Warm currents: Create warm and humid climate in coastal areas.
Cold currents: Bring dry and cold climate to coastal areas.
Effect on weather: Currents affect rainfall and monsoon.
17. What effect do ocean currents have on fisheries?
Answer:
Where warm and cold currents meet, there is an abundance of plankton, making these areas important for fishing.
Examples: Japan's fishery area, Norway's fishery area, coasts of Peru and Chile.
18. What effect do ocean currents have on transportation and trade?
Answer:
Affects the speed of ships.
Helps in making trade routes favourable.
Some currents give rise to sea storms, which can disrupt navigation.
19. What effect do ocean currents have on ecology?
