Water Oceans Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Geography Chapter-12 Book-Fundamental of Physical Geography
0Team Eklavyaजून 11, 2025
1. What is the water cycle?
Answer:
The hydrologic cycle is the natural process in which water continually moves between the Earth and the atmosphere through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and surface runoff.
2. What are the main processes of the water cycle?
Answer:
Evaporation: Conversion of water into steam.
Transpiration: Release of water vapor by plants.
Condensation: The transformation of water vapor into water droplets.
Precipitation: The falling of water as rain, snow, or hail.
Runoff: The return of water to the oceans through rivers and lakes.
3. What is the importance of the water cycle?
Answer:
It maintains the water balance on earth.
It supplies water necessary for life.
It affects the climate.
4. How is water distributed on Earth?
Answer:
In the oceans: 97.5% (salt water)
In glaciers and polar ice: 1.74%
Groundwater: 0.75%
In lakes and rivers: 0.01%
In the atmosphere: 0.001%
5. What are the main causes of water crisis?
Answer:
Uneven water distribution.
Increasing population and increased consumption.
Water pollution.
Excessive groundwater exploitation.
6. What are oceans and how many types are there?
Answer:
The oceans are the largest water bodies on the Earth's surface. The five main oceans are:
1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic Ocean
3. Indian Ocean
4. Southern Ocean
5. Arctic Ocean
7. What are the major parts of the ocean floor?
Answer:
Continental Shelf: The shallow edge of a continent.
Continental Slope: A steep slope extending from the shelf into the depths.
Abyssal Plains: The flattest part of the oceans.
Oceanic Trenches: The deepest parts of the oceans.
8. What is Continental Shelf?
Answer:
It is the shallow submerged edge of the continent, with an average depth of 30-600 metres. It is important for biodiversity and petroleum reserves.
9. What is Oceanic Trench?
Answer:
The deepest and narrowest parts of the oceans are called oceanic trenches.
Deepest trench: Mariana Trench (10,994 m depth).
10. What are Mid-Oceanic Ridges?
Answer:
These are long mountain ranges inside the ocean, which are formed due to volcanic activities.
11. What is the difference between seamounts and guyots?
Answer:
Sea dunes: Undersea volcanic mountains that do not reach the ocean surface.
Submerged islands: Flat-topped dunes that are submerged in the sea.
12. How are coral islands formed?
Answer:
These are small islands formed by coral reefs, found in tropical oceans.
13. What are the factors affecting the temperature of ocean water?
Answer:
Latitude: Temperature is higher near the equator.
Depth: Temperature decreases as the depth increases.
Ocean Currents: Warm currents increase the temperature, cold currents decrease it.
Winds: Winds affect the temperature in coastal areas.
14. What is vertical temperature distribution?
Answer:
The temperature in the oceans changes with depth and is divided into three regions:
Surface Hot Layer: Up to 500 meters, temperature 20-25°C.
Thermocline Layer: Up to 500-1000 meters, the temperature falls rapidly.
Deep Cold Layer: From 1000 meters to a depth, temperature 0-3°C.
15. What is salinity?
Answer:
The amount of salt dissolved in ocean water is called salinity. It is measured in PPT (Parts Per Thousand). The average salinity is 35 PPT.
16. What are the factors affecting the salinity of ocean water?
