Question: Clarify the initial concepts related to the origin of the Earth?
Answer -
The main ancient concepts related to the origin of the earth are:
- Gaseous Hypothesis - Immanuel Kant
- Nebular Hypothesis - Laplace
- Chamberlain and Moulton hypothesis
1. Gaseous Hypothesis - Immanuel Kant (German Philosopher)
- According to them, the cloud (solid) was made up of gas and dust particles
- These gas clouds started colliding due to the force of gravity, after which the temperature increased
- The hot cloud began to expand, it now began to change from solid to gas, after which it began to rotate , after which the cloud broke and became a planet
- The center of the cloud (nebula) became the sun
- In this hypothesis of Immanuel Kant, mathematician Laplace presented its modification in 1796, which is known as Nebular hypothesis.
2. Nebular hypothesis
- According to this hypothesis, the planets were formed from a cloud of slowly rotating material
- Big cloud in space: About 4.6 billion years ago, a huge cloud of gas and dust was floating in space. This cloud is called a nebula.
- Collapse: The cloud began to collapse inward because of gravity, pulling it together.
- Rotation and flattening: As the cloud collapsed, it began to rotate faster and flatten into a disk shape.
3. Chamberlain and Moulton
- According to this, another star passed near the Sun at a high speed.
- Due to its gravitational force, a cigar-shaped piece got separated from the surface of the Sun and later, planets were formed from the same piece
Question – How did the atmosphere develop on Earth?
Answer -
The development of the Earth's atmosphere has taken place in different stages
first stage
- Hydrogen and helium moved away from the earth due to wind
second stage
- During the differentiation of the Earth as it cooled down, many gases and water vapor came out from inside the Earth, in which water vapor, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, methane and ammonia were present in large quantities but oxygen was very less.
Third stage
- Volcanoes were constantly erupting on Earth due to which vapors and gases were increasing. This water vapor condensed and turned into rain due to which oceans were formed on Earth and life developed.
Question - Tell us about the Expansion of Universe (Big Bang) Theory. Who gave it?
Answer -
- The Big Bang theory was proposed by Edwin Hubble in 1920.
- According to them the universe is expanding.
- Galaxies move forward as time passes.
- This theory says that galaxies are moving away from each other. The universe is expanding.
The Big Bang Theory
- All the material from which the universe is made today was present in the form of single atoms whose volume was extremely small and density was extremely high
- 2 Due to excessive energy getting accumulated in the atom, it exploded and within a second of the explosion the universe started expanding.
- All the material from which the universe is made today was present in the form of single atoms whose volume was extremely small and density was extremely high
- 2 Due to excessive energy getting accumulated in the atom, it exploded and within a second of the explosion the universe started expanding.
- During the 300,000 years from the Big Bang, the temperature dropped to 4500° Kelvin and atomic matter was formed.
- The expansion of the universe means an increase in the space between galaxies.
Question: Explain the stages of Earth's evolution and briefly describe each stage/stage.
Answer -
