Terms, Concepts and Their use in Sociology Short ang Long Important Question Class 11 Sociology Chapter-2 Book-Introducing Sociology

 

Question- What do you understand by social group?

Answer-

• A social group refers to a group of individuals who 

• that interact with each other, 

• share a sense of identity or belonging 

• have similar interests, norms and values.

• These groups can vary in size from small friendship circles to large organisations or communities.

Q.What do you understand by quasi group?  

Answer-

• there's just a gathering of people 

• Which gather at one place at one time but do not have any definite relation with each other.

• These are also called sets.  

Question-What is called reference group?

Answer-

• For some people there are always other groups they look up to and want to be like. 

• The groups whose lifestyle is imitated are called reference groups.

• Middle class Indians tried to behave exactly like the British

• This process was gender-biased

• Indian men wanted to be like English men. 

• But he wanted Indian women to keep their lifestyle 'Indian'.

Question- What is meant by role?

Answer-

• It is the responsibilities, duties, and expectations a person has in society that are determined by his or her social status. 

• Every person in society has one or more social roles.

Question- What is meant by status?

Answer-

• It is about social status and the certain rights and duties attached to these statuses.

Question- Explain the difference between ascribed and achieved status.

Answer-

 Ascribed status: This status is acquired by birth or involuntarily, which the individual does not choose himself.

Example:

• age 

• Caste 

• species 

• kinship 

Acquired Status : This status is achieved by a person through his/her hard work, ability, skills and choices.

Example:

• Educational qualification 

• Income 

• Professional Specialty

Question- Explain the difference between caste and class.

Answer-

Caste 

• Caste is determined by the birth of a person.

• Caste is a closed group into which entry or change is not possible.

• There are strict rules on marriage, food etc.

• The caste system is stable and lasts for generations.

• It is considered contrary to democracy and nationalism.

Social class 

• Class is determined by the social status of a person.

• A person can move up or down in the class system by his efforts.

• There are not as many strict rules in class as in caste.

• The class system is less stable than the caste system.

• It is favorable to democracy and nationalism.

Question - What is meant by social stratification?

Answer - 

• There is a distinction between people in society, 

• The society is divided into different levels based on high and low or small and big 

• Social stratification is the division into   

Question – Explain social control?

Answer - 

• Social control is the use of force to regulate the behaviour of individuals and groups and to enforce values ​​and norms to maintain order in society.

Question – Discuss the types of social control with examples.

Answer -

types of social control 

• Formal Control : When codified, systematic means of control are used it is known as formal social control. 

• For example, law and state.

• Informal control : It is personal, non-governmental and uncodified.

• There are various means of informal social control viz. family, religion, kinship etc.

Question – Explain role stabilization with example.

Answer - 

• In which a person understands his social role well, moulds his behaviour according to that role, and is accepted in that role by society.

• Example 

• Teacher's role stabilization

• Parental role stabilization

Question - "Caste is a closed stratification while class is an open stratification." Explain this statement.

Answer -

Caste

• Basis: Based on birth

• Access to opportunities: Limited by caste

• Marriage and social relations: Prohibition on inter-caste marriage

• Possibility of change: Permanent by birth, change is not possible

• Distribution of resources: more resources and opportunities to upper castes, less to lower castes

Social class

• Basis: Based on economic status, education, and personal achievements

• Access to opportunities: Opportunities available based on merit and economic status

• Marriage and social relations: Inter-class marriages and relations common

• Possibility of change: Change in situation is possible with education, hard work and ability

• Distribution of Resources: Distribution of resources and opportunities among different classes

Question - What is a secondary group? State any two characteristics of secondary groups.

Answer - 

• These groups are formed to achieve a particular purpose or goal, and relationships within them are usually formal and goal-oriented.

• features

• Relatively large in size

• Goal Oriented

• Formal and impersonal relationships

• Schools, Government Offices, Hospitals, Student Unions

Question - What is meant by caste based stratification?

Answer - 

• The status of a person is determined by birth 

• Different castes formed a hierarchy of social superiority. 

• Each position in the caste structure was defined by its purity or impurity in relation to the others.

• The priestly caste, the Brahmins, are the most sacred, the rest are the best, and the Panchamas, sometimes called 'outer castes', are the lowest.

• The traditional system is generally conceptualised as the four varnas (castes) of Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya and Shudra.