Sociology and Society Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Sociology Chapter-11 Book-Introducing Sociology

 

Question- What do you understand by society?

Answer -

• Society is an organization that allows people to come together, interact, and establish shared policies, intentions, and values. 

Question- What is the meaning of sociology?

Answer -

• It is a discipline that studies various aspects of human society. 

• It studies society, social structure, organization, and the effects of social change. 

• Auguste Comte is called the father of sociology 

• He started the study of society as a social-physical 

• Later in 1838, the name of social physics was changed to sociology 

Question- Main characteristics of society.

Answer-

• Organised  : Society is a well-organised structure in which various institutions and groups are interconnected.

• Relationships  : There are relationships between people, such as family relationships, friendship relationships, peer relationships.

• Diversity  : Includes people belonging to different caste, religion, language, class and culture.

• Rights and duties  : Every member has certain rights, such as education, security, and freedom. They also have responsibilities or duties towards the society,

• Harmony  : It is important to maintain peace and harmony so that everyone can live together.

• There are constant changes  : Society is not static; changes keep taking place in it from time to time.

Question- What do you know regarding the origin of sociology in India?

Answer - 

• The study of sociology in India started in 1919. 

• The study of sociology was first started in Mumbai University. 

• Its formal study began in the Sociology Department of Mumbai University. 

Question- Why is the study of sociology necessary in India?

Answer -

• Understanding social issues  : Helps in understanding the problems arising in a diverse society like India like poverty, casteism, gender discrimination, illiteracy and urbanization.

• Policy Making  : Sociological studies play an important role in the policies made by the government and social organizations.

• Social Development  : For the development of the society, improvements in the areas like education, health, employment and urbanization are necessary.

• Promoting social justice  : Sociology highlights social inequalities, discrimination and injustice.

• Cultural Diversity  : Sociology helps to understand diversity and promote its preservation, thereby maintaining social unity and harmony.

Question- Explain the difference between macro and micro sociology.

Answer - 

Macro Sociology 

• Large scale social structures and institutions are studied 

• Looks at social inequality, social change institutions, and global processes 

microsociology

• Examines small-scale social relationships and individual behaviors within societies 

• the study of how people interact with one another 

Question- Discuss the inequalities in Indian society?

Answer -

• Caste inequality:   The caste system has historically been a cause of social division. Upper castes have had more opportunities, but backward castes have faced discrimination and exploitation.

• Economic Inequality:  Unequal distribution of wealth and resources is clearly visible in the Indian society.

• Gender-based inequality:  India has a deeply rooted patriarchal society due to which women face discrimination in many areas.

• Regional inequality:  There is a huge difference in development and opportunities between different states and regions. There is a huge difference in the state of economic development, education and health services between developed states and backward states.

• Educational inequality:  Educational opportunities are not available equally across different sections and regions of society.

• Inequality in health services:  There is a huge difference in the availability and quality of health services in rural and urban areas. The poor and backward classes do not get proper medical services, while the rich class avails good health facilities.

Question- "Sociology is the most important among all social sciences." Explain this statement.

Answer-

• Sociology, as a major branch of social science, deals with the scientific study of society and its structures, processes, and behaviour.

• The purpose of social sciences is to analyze various aspects of society, such as politics, economics, human behavior, history, and culture. 

• Sociology is interrelated with all these fields and by studying them attempts to understand how society functions and changes in it.

Question- Explain the difference between sociology and economics.

Answer -

Sociology

• Field of study : Study of society, social relations, and social institutions

• Major themes : caste, class, gender, social structure, culture, movements

• Approach : -   Study of cultural, political, social factors

• Objective :- To understand the structure of society and find solution to social problems

• Relationships : - the relationship between the individual and society, the influence of social institutions

Economics

• Field of study :- Study of economic activities, production, distribution and consumption

• Main topics : - Income, Expenditure, Trade, Economic Growth, Inflation, Business

• Approaches :-  Economic system, Market, Demand-supply, Pricing

• Objective : - Solution to economic problems like poverty, unemployment

• Relationship : - Economic decisions of individual and society, use of resources

Question- Explain the difference between sociology and psychology.

Answer -

Sociology

• Field of study  : Study of society, social relationships, and groups

• Approach  : Focused on collective behavior, social institutions, and society

• Research methods  : statistical data, surveys, and the study of social patterns

• Objective  : To understand and improve the structure and functioning of society

• Level of study  : Studies at the level of groups, communities, and institutions

• Relations  : the study of relationships between society and individuals

Psychology

• Field of study  : Study of the human mind, personality, and mental processes

• Approach  : focused on individual thoughts, feelings, and behavior

• Research methods  : Use of experiments, case studies, and diagnostic tests

• Objective  : To diagnose and treat the mental problems of the person

• Level of study  : Study at individual level

• Relationships  : The study of the effects on a person's mental health and behavior

Question –  Explain how sociology is different from political science?

Answer -

Political Science

• Field of study  : Study of politics, government, and power structures

• Main topics  : Governance, constitution, democracy, political parties, and international relations

• Approach  : Focused on political institutions and the distribution of power

• Research Methods  : Surveys, election analysis, study of government documents

• Objective  :  To understand political processes and power relations

• Level of study  : Focuses on local, national, and international politics

• Relations  : Study of the relationship between government and citizens

Sociology

• Field of study  : Study of society, social relations, and social institutions

• Main themes  : Caste, class, gender, social movements, and culture

• Approach  : Focused on social structures and collective behavior

• Research methods  : statistical data, surveys, and the study of social patterns

• Objective  : To understand the structure of society and social problems

• Level of study  : Study of different levels of society (from individual to group)

• Relations  : the study of relationships between individuals and society

Question- Explain the difference between simple society and complex society.

Answer -

Simple society

• Structure  : simple and non-segmented, few social structures

• Population size  : small population, limited group

• Social organization  : less formal, informal rules and norms

• Technological development  : low level of technological and industrial development

• Type of relationship  : Personal and direct, face-to-face relationships

• Segmentation  : less division of social roles, task equality

• Economic structure  : self-sufficiency, local economy

Complex societies

• Structure  : complex, many institutions and class divisions

• Population size  : large population, diverse classes and groups

• Social organization  : more formal, regulated by institutions and laws

• Technological development  : High technology and industrial development

• Type of relationship  : indirect and formal, relationships based on roles and positions

• Segmentation  : greater division into social roles and functions

• Economic structure  : complex trade, market systems, and the global economy

Question- Discuss two changes brought in the society by industrialization.

Answer -

• Urbanization  : With industrialization, people began to migrate from rural areas to cities on a large scale in search of employment. The establishment of industries and factories in cities led to the development of residential settlements, transportation, and urban amenities.

• Social inequality  : Industrialization created new economic and social divisions in the society. A huge difference in resources began to appear between the working class and the capitalist class in the industries.

• Division of labour  : The industrial economy led to increased specialisation of labour, where people began to specialise in different tasks.

• Class Division  : As a result of industrialisation, a new classification emerged in the society, which mainly had two classes- capitalist class and working class.

Question- Establish relationship between sociology and history.

Answer -

Sociology 

• Field of study  : Study of the structures, processes, and institutions of present-day society

• Main objective  : To understand the present structure of society and to analyse social problems

• Study of social change  : studies social changes and their effects

• Research methods  : surveys, statistical data, and social experiments

• Development of society  : understands the current state of society and future changes

• Inter-relationship  : understands the structure of present society through the influence of past events

History

• Field of study  : Study of past events, societies and their development

• Main objective  : To document past events and understand their impact

• Study of social change  : studies historical events and their causes

• Research methods  : use of historical documents, records, and archaeological evidence

• Evolution of Society  : Explains past development and changes in society

• Interrelationship  : analyzes past events to understand present society