Culture and Socialisation Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Sociology Chapter-4 Book-Introducing Sociology

 

Question – Discuss the word culture in detail.

Answer - 

• Culture is the collection of shared beliefs, values, customs, and practices of a group that influence their behavior and interactions.

• This includes language, traditions, arts and norms.

• You need culture to behave in culture

• Culture is learned and developed through social interaction with other individuals in society.

• The common understanding of any group distinguishes it from others and gives it an identity.

• Culture is never a finished product.

• It is always changing and evolving.

• Its elements are constantly added, subtracted, expanded, contracted and rearranged.

Question – Mention the cognitive and normative aspects of culture.

Answer - 

Cognitive side

• The cognitive dimension of culture includes the shared mental frameworks, beliefs, values, and knowledge systems that shape the way people view, interpret, and react to the world and guide their decision making.

Normative aspect 

• The normative dimension of culture encompasses the shared rules, norms, and expectations that dictate acceptable behavior within a group, guiding how individuals interact and adhere to social standards and roles

Question – Explain the physical aspects of culture.

Answer - 

• The material dimension of culture includes the tangible objects, artifacts, and physical items produced and used by a society, such as tools, clothing, architecture, and technology, that reflect cultural values ​​and practices.

Question - "Ethnicity is the opposite of cosmopolitanism" Explain.

Answer - 

ethnocentrism

• They consider their own culture and beliefs to be superior and evaluate the culture of others on the basis of their own culture.

• By considering one's own culture as the standard, other cultures are considered inferior.

cosmopolitanism

• Respect every culture and belief and consider the cultures of others as equal.

• Efforts are made to learn from different cultures and adopt them and promote cultural exchange.

Question – Mention the main agencies of socialization.

Answer - 

• Socialization is the process through which individuals learn and internalize the values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors of their society or social group.

• It is important for the development of a person's social identity and integrating them into their cultural and social environment.

Agencies of socialization 

1. Primary Institutions: These are effective in the early years of an individual's life and play a vital role in the development of his personality.

2. Family: Children learn language, behaviour, values ​​and habits from their parents and other family members.

3. Peer Group: Friends and peers play an important role in the lives of children and adolescents.

4. Neighbourhood: From the people living in the neighbourhood, children understand the practical aspects of society, like mutual cooperation and social responsibility.

5. Secondary Institutions: These institutions become active in the later stages of an individual's life and help explain the broader rules and roles of society.

6. School: School provides formal education to children and teaches the importance of discipline, time management, and group life.

7. Media: Through media like television, newspapers, internet, and social media, a person gets information about the society and the world.

8. Social Institutions: Institutions help maintain the structure of society and enforce social rules, such as legal institutions and administrative bodies.

9. Religious Places: Religious places introduce a person to the values ​​of spirituality, morality, and social conduct.