Changing Trends and Careers in Physical Education Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Physical Education Chapter-1 Book-1

What is physical education? 

Physical education is that part of education in which we study health, sports, players, tournaments, nutrition, injuries, body and its components - mind, organs, soul etc.

Goal:

To develop the individual in all round manner.

Objective:

1. Physical development

2. Mental development

3. Social harmony

4. Emotional stability

5. Spiritual development

physical development:

Physical education has a positive impact on our physical health, making us strong, healthy, with weight, strength, speed, flexibility, endurance, coordination and the proper functioning of all our body parts.

mental development:

Physical education improves our attention, alertness and planning abilities. It provides us with activities along with academics, which has a positive effect on our thinking ability and feel-good hormones such as dopamine.

Social harmony:

Competition and coordination are the main points of sports which inculcates qualities like discipline, honesty, socialization and leadership in a person.

emotional stability:

Victory and defeat, happiness, patience, aggression, love, fear, falling and getting up etc. Physical education includes all these. It develops stability in a person and the ability to remain positive and stable in the ups and downs of real life.

spiritual growth:

Attachment to nature, acting according to the laws of nature, forgiving, asking for forgiveness, living with courtesy, peace and satisfaction, etc. All the above positive effects are caused by physical education.

Development of Physical Education in India - After Independence

• Tara Chand Committee was established by the Government of India in 1948.

• The committee recommended the establishment of a Central Institute of Physical Education and Recreation to improve the standard of sports in India.

• In 1950, the Central Physical Education Advisory (Consultative) Board was created for matters related to physical education.

• The first Asian Games were held in New Delhi in 1951. This event inspired Indian youth to participate in sports at the international level.

• The All India Council of Sports was set up in 1954 to mediate in financial matters between the government and the various national sports federations.

• In 1957, the Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education was established in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh.

• To provide qualified coaches in various sports, National Institute of Sports (NIS) was established in 1961 at Moti Bagh, Patiala.

• The hosting of the Asian Games in India in 1982 enhanced the sports infrastructure in the country.

• The Sports Authority of India (SAI) was established in 1984, with the mandate to maintain the infrastructure and facilities in the world of sports.

• In 2010, the Commonwealth Games were held in New Delhi. In 2018, the Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) declared Physical Education as a compulsory subject from class IX to XII.

Changing trends in sports

Playing Surface

1. Natural surface

• Soil

• Grass

• Wood Plain

2. Artificial surface

• Synthetic Grass

• Matt

• Synthetic Track

• Asphalt

• Cinder Track

Artificial grass was first prominently used in 1966 at the Astrodome in Texas (U.S.).

Considering the importance and advantages of synthetic grass, mats etc., today these are recognised by the statutory associations and committees of every sport.

Natural

Durability - for a short time 

Maintenance cost - more 

Drainage - complex 

Water requirement - more 

Usage:- pause needed

Effect of rain: - It is high, mud can form, insecticides have to be used.

Artificial

for longer

Less

Easy

Less

Can do it continuously.

There is no adverse effect.

Pesticides are not used.

"Wearable Sports Apparel & Equipment"

Using the right clothing and equipment in sports plays a vital role in improving both safety and performance. Every sport has its own specific requirements, and clothing and equipment are designed accordingly. 

Shoes and Display:

• Playing cricket wearing shooter shoes is not only difficult but also reduces the fun of the game.

• Athletics and cricket shoes have spikes, which provide better grip.

• Basketball shoes have high ankle support, which helps prevent ankle injuries.

• Tennis and badminton shoes are low-friction, allowing for fast and precise movements.

Sport-specific attire:

• Gymnasts need to wear tight leotards for flexibility and protection.

• Loose attire is a must for basketball players, which ensures better movement. 

Evolution of clothing:

• Over time there have been major changes in the fabrics used for sports attire.

• Traditional fabrics like bamboo, cotton and wool have been replaced by modern fabrics like nylon, polyester, Tencel and Dri-fit.

• These modern fabrics are comfortable, durable and enhance performance, while adapting to the weather and sporting requirements.

Sports Apparel & Equipment

Dress

• Shoes

• Leotard

• Camps / Hats

• T-Shirt

• track pants

• wrist strap

• Forehead strap

Defensive

• helmet

• gloves

• Mouth guard/protector

• Shin guard

• Elbow Protector

• Chest Guard

Technology

• smart watch

• Heartbeat Tracker

• Calorie Tracker

• Action Tracker

"Sports Equipment and Technical Development"

sport equipment

sport equipment

• ball

• goal post

• Wicket

• Racket (bat)

• Bat

• Mats (mattresses)

• Net

Training Equipment

• Soup

• Treadmill

• Dumbbells

• chin up bar

Player Equipment

• Shoes

• helmet

• gloves

• Elbow Protector

• Chest Protector

• Knee Protector

The things used to participate in sports, such as equipment, machines, clothing, and other items, are called sports equipment. Over time, this equipment has changed and improved due to the needs of spectators, new technology, improvements in the game, safety, and entertainment.

Game technique

As the world is moving towards 6G technology, similarly sports are also not untouched by the development of new technologies.

With the advent of innovation in technology, correct decisions, performance enhancement, evaluation of opponent players, help in making strategies, invention of equipment, doping tests, assistance to handicapped players and broadcasting have become more easy and accessible. 

Technology Advancement Examples!

• Artificial intelligence

• Smart bails in cricket

• Snicko or edge detector

• Hawk eye

• Flying drones and camera movements

• Photo finish camera

• Video assistant referce

• Athlete's clothing and equipments

• Player and game graphics

• GPS tracker, RFID chips

• Fantasy league e-sports

• Fully Automatic Timing

Career Options in Physical Education

• Physical education is very important for building a career. It not only helps in improving health but can also lead to many careers related to it.

• Some careers are directly related to physical education, such as teachers, coaches, sports officials, equipment manufacturers, players, administrators, and fitness trainers.

• Apart from this, physical education also helps in many other fields, such as – army, doctor, engineer, scientist, pilot etc. Special quota and age relaxation is also given for players in some jobs.

Khelo India Programme

• Khelo India Programme is a flagship programme launched by the Government of India for the development of sports at the national level.

• It aims to promote greater participation and excellence in sports. It was launched in 2018.

Beginning and first event:

• For the first time, Khelo India Games was held in Delhi in 2018, in which students competed for 209 gold medals in 16 sports.

• These games were broadcasted on national and international sports channels, such as Star Sports. All international facilities were made available to the players.

Change in name:

Earlier it was called Khelo India School Games (KISG) but now it is known as Khelo India Youth Games (KIYG).

Categories:

• School students under 17 years of age.

• College students under the age of 21.

Scholarship:

• Scholarships worth ₹5 lakh (approximately $7000) every year for 8 years are awarded to selected sports and sportspersons to prepare for international sports competitions.

• This program helps to discover sporting talents and prepare them for the international level.

fit india program

• The Fit India program was launched by the Honorable Prime Minister on 29 August 2019. Its aim is to make fitness an integral part of our daily lives.

• The mission of this campaign is to change people's habits and motivate them towards a physically active lifestyle.

Objective:

• Making fitness easy, fun and free.

• To spread awareness about fitness and physical activity.

• To encourage local/traditional sports.

• To take fitness to every school, college/university, panchayat and village.

• To create a platform for Indian citizens where they can share fitness related information and raise awareness.