Training in Sports Notes in English Class 12 Physical Education Chapter-10 Book-1

 

Talent identification in sports 

Talent identification in sports is the process by which talented players are discovered from among the younger players who have more potential and ability to become good and successful players in a specific sport in the future.

Importance and benefits of talent identification in sports 

• Discovering the best potential players of the future.

• Identification of hidden talent.

• By identifying a talented player at an early stage, his talent can be further enhanced.

• Discovering talented young players is like finding a great asset for the country.

By discovering young talented players at the right time, the players get enough time to prepare themselves for international level competition. 

Due to which his chances of winning a medal increase.

By finding talented players in time, it becomes easier to mold them into sports suited to their talents where they have a higher chance of success.

Criteria for talent identification in sports 

• Body Structure – Which sport is the body structure of the young player best suited for. 

• Psychological perception- Which sport are the young players more interested in?

• Technical understanding – How well a young player understands game techniques. 

• Results – What are the results of the criteria set for finding talented players . 

sports training cycle 

"Sports training cycle refers to the combination of training regimes of different durations  that help an athlete achieve better performance during competition."

sports training cycle 

1) Microcycle -

2) Meso cycle -

3) Macro cycle -

Microcycle -

• Micro means “small.” A micro cycle  is a weekly training program. 

• This is the shortest training period of up to 7 days. 

• The microcircle is the most important and functional tool because its structure (texture) and quantity determine the quality of training.

Meso Cycle -

• A meso cycle represents a phase of training lasting between 2-6 weeks. 

• A mesocycle can also be defined as several continuous weeks where the training program emphasizes the same type of physiological adaptation, for example muscle mass and anaerobic capacity.

Macro Cycle -

• Macro means “big.” Cycle This is an annual training program. 

• It has three phases: preparation, competition and knowledge transfer 

What is power - 

Power is the ability of a human being that helps him to do work against resistance 

Types of power 

1. Dynamic power

• Maximum Power

• Explosive Power

• Strength endurance 

2. Stable power

1. Dynamic power

• Maximum Power :- Ability to do work against maximum resistance. 

• Explosive Power: The ability to move quickly against an obstacle. 

• Strength endurance: The ability to work under fatigue against obstacles

Methods for developing strength 

1. Isometric exercises   

2. Isotonic exercise   

3. Isokinetic exercises   

Isometric Exercises -   

This is an exercise that activates muscles  but there is no significant change in muscle length or joint position. 

In this, the muscles are held under tension in a certain position. This exercise is useful for increasing strength and endurance and is often done for rehabilitation after injuries.

Examples of isometric exercises:   

• Archery

Isotonic exercise -   

Exercises in which the length of the muscles changes and there is movement in the joints of the body, but the tension on the muscles remains the same. In these exercises the muscles contract and relax, which increases the strength and endurance of the body.

Examples of isotonic exercises are:   

1. Running

2. Throwing the ball  

Isokinetic Exercise -   

• Exercises in which muscle movement occurs at a constant speed, regardless of the load applied on the muscles. 

• It requires special equipment that controls the movement of the muscles and provides uniform resistance.

Examples of isokinetic exercises are:   

• Stationary Exercise Bike

• Lunge Workout

• Leg Press Machine

what is speed  

Speed ​​is the ability of a human being which helps him to complete a task as quickly as possible 

Types of motion -

1. Reaction speed qualifications:- 

• the ability to act quickly on a signal

2. Acceleration speed qualifications:- 

• The ability to reach your maximum speed state as quickly as possible.

3. Locomotor mobility:- 

• The ability to maintain a state of maximum speed for extended periods of time.

4. Movement Speed ​​Ability:-

• the ability to perform an action quickly

5. Speed ​​tolerance:- 

• The ability to perform an action as quickly as possible despite being exhausted.

Methods of increasing speed 

1. Acceleration race training method 

2. Pace race training method 

1. Acceleration race training method - 

It is a training technique used to increase the speed of runners and improve their initial acceleration ability. This method focuses on the initial phase of movement, which is crucial to improving performance in any race or sport.

2. Pace race training method 

It is a training technique in which the runner is trained to run at a certain pace. Its main purpose is to increase stamina, speed and endurance. This method is used by long and middle distance runners.

What is tolerance - 

Endurance is the ability of a human being that helps him to continue doing a task for a long time.

Types of tolerance - 

1. According to the nature of the action 

• Basic endurance 

• General tolerance 

• Specific tolerance 

2. By the time of the action 

• Speed ​​endurance 

• short term endurance 

• Medium term endurance 

• long term endurance 

1. Basic Endurance - It is the ability of a person to perform slow movements using many body muscles for a long time such as running, walking, swimming etc.

2. General Endurance is the ability in which a person continues to perform activities even when tired. For example, aerobic activities 

3. Specific Endurance: The ability is used differently in specific sports.  Example: Boxing and wrestling require different types of specific endurance.

Tolerability based on time of action

1. Speed ​​Endurance - This is the ability in which a person can perform any speed rapidly for 45 seconds despite fatigue, such as 100m Sprint

2. Short Term Endurance – This ability includes activities lasting from 45 seconds to 2 minutes, such as 800 m race.

3. Middle Term Endurance - This ability includes activities lasting from 2 minutes to 11 minutes. For example - 1500 m race.

4. Long Term Endurance – This ability includes activities lasting more than 11 minutes like 5000 m cross country and marathon race etc.

What is flexibility - 

The extension of the joints of the body is called flexibility 

Types of flexibility - 

1. active flexibility

• Static Flexibility 

• Dynamic Flexibility 

2. Passive flexbility

1. Active flexibility – 

Active flexibility means the condition or ability in which a person is able to stretch, bend or extend his body parts voluntarily without any external assistance.

• Static Flexibility 

• When a player performs the actions of lying down, sitting or standing, then these actions are done in a static state, it is called static flexibility.

• Dynamic Flexibility 

• This type of flexibility is required while walking or running. Dynamic flexibility can also be improved by stretching exercises.

2. Inert elasticity - 

Passive flexibility is the body's ability to perform long distance movements with external assistance, such as stretching exercises with the help of a partner.