Secondary Activities Important Short and Long Questions Class 12 Geography Chapter-5 Book-Fundamentals of Human Geography

 

Question – What are secondary actions?

Answer -

• The value of natural resources increases through secondary activities

• With the help of his skills, technology, capital and labour, man transforms raw material  into product

• Example - 

1. Making yarn from cotton and manufacturing clothes

2. Making sugar from sugarcane

3. Potato chips 

Question –  What is meant by manufacturing?

Answer -

• Manufacturing means the production of any item

• Example -

1. Making something out of iron

2. Making plastic toys

3. Connecting computers or micro components

4. Spacecraft construction

All manufacturing processes have some common features such as -

1) Use of power

2) mass production of the same type of goods

3) Manufacturing is done using machinery or primitive means

Question -  What is meant by cottage industry? Tell its main feature?

Answer -

Cottage industries are those industries  in which people along with their family members   manufacture items of daily use at their homes with the help of local raw materials.

Main feature of cottage industry-

• This can be started from homes

• Means of capital and transportation do not affect these industries

• Both raw material and market are available locally

• does not require heavy machinery

• only simple hand tools are used

• A lot of money is not required to start such an industry.

examples of cottage industry

1. Candle Making

2. Making Pickles

3. Making paper bags

4. Bamboo Basket Making

Question:  Give information about small scale industry?

                Or 

What is the difference between cottage industry and small scale industry?

                Or 

What are the characteristics of small scale industry?

Answer -

• It is different from cottage industry

• In these industries, both the production technology and the manufacturing site are different from the cottage industry.

• In this industry the construction site is an outside factory

•  Local raw materials are also used in this

•  Semi-skilled labour and power driven machines are used in this industry.

• There are many employment opportunities in this industry

Question:  Explain the characteristics of large scale industry?

                Or 

What is the difference between large scale industry and small scale industry?

Answer - 

• Large scale industries are different from small scale industries  because they require huge markets, different types of raw materials, means of power,  skilled labour, developed technology, more production and more capital.

• This type of industry has developed in the last 200 years.  Earlier, these industries were set up in Britain, America and Europe  but today they are present in every part of the world.

Question –  Classify industries on the basis of ownership?

                         Or 

What is the difference between public sector industry, private sector industry and joint sector industry?

Answer -

Public Sector Industries

• It is under the government

• These industries are managed by the government

• There are more such industries in socialist countries

Private Sector Industries

• Such industries are owned by a single person or a company.

• Such industries are run by private organisations.

• Such industries are more prevalent in capitalist countries

• Tata, Birla, Reliance are its examples in India

Joint Sector Industries

• These industries are run jointly by the government and private companies.

• HPCL and HPCL MITTAL ENERGY LIMITED are examples of this

Question:   Explain any three characteristics of independent industries?

Answer -

• Independent industries are located in a wide variety of locations 

• It is not dependent on any specific raw material  

• These industries depend on component parts which can be obtained from anywhere 

• The production is in less quantity and there is less need of workers 

• This industry does not cause pollution

Question:   What are the factors affecting the establishment of industry ?

                    Or 

On which factors does the location of industries depend?

                    Or 

Explain the factors affecting the location of industries in the world?

                    Or 

Explain with examples any five reasons affecting the status of industries in the world?

                    Or 

Why do large-scale industries choose different locations? Explain any four factors affecting industrial location?

                    Or 

If you want to set up an industry, what things will you keep in mind?

Answer -

Factors affecting the location of industries

1. Physical factors

• availability of raw materials

• Favorable climate

• Availability of water

• Means of power

2. The human factor

• Labor

• Capital

• Modes of transport

• Market

• Government Policies

Question –  Discuss about Ruhr coal region of Germany?

Answer - 

• The Ruhr coal region of Germany has long been a major industrial region of Europe 

• Coal, iron and steel have been the mainstay of the economy here 

• 80% of Germany's steel production comes from the Ruhr 

• Changes in the industrial structure led to a decline in production in some sectors 

• And the problem of pollution and industrial waste also started arising

Question –  What is meant by iron and steel industry?

                 Or 

What do you understand by basic industry?

                       Or 

What is the meaning of heavy industry?

Answer -

• Iron and steel industry is the base of all industries, hence it is also called basic industry. 

• It is basic because it provides raw materials to  other industries such as machines and tools which are used to make further products 

• Iron and steel industry is also called heavy industry  because it uses heavy raw material in large quantities  and its products are also heavy.

Question –  Describe the characteristics of handloom industries?

Answer -

• More workers are needed in the handloom industry 

• This industry provides employment to semi-skilled workers 

• It also requires less capital 

• Under this, work of spinning of yarn, weaving etc. is done 

• Machines are used to make cloth using power looms. This requires fewer workers and the production is also higher.