Question: Explain the meaning of globalisation?
Answer -
Globalization means flow, flow can be of many types
- the flow of thoughts from one part to another
- goods reaching more than one country
- Capital reaching more than one place
- Movement of people from one country to another in search of better livelihood
Question: Explain the main reasons of globalization?
Answer -
- advancement in technology
- Phone
- invention of the telegraph
- Printing Techniques (Printing Techniques)
Question: Explain the economic consequences of globalisation?
Answer -
- Due to globalization, the trade of goods has increased all over the world because now there are no restrictions on imports like before
- The movement of capital has increased, now an investor can invest his money in any country
- The spread of ideas, especially in developing countries where they are most profitable , has been facilitated by the expansion of the Internet and computer-related services.
- Developed countries are making their visa policies stricter
- Privatisation and capitalism are being promoted
- Lakhs of people are getting employment
- Competition in the market is increasing
- Products from different countries are easily available in the market
Question: Explain the cultural consequences of globalization?
Answer -
- Changes in diet
- Changes in lifestyle
- cultures are vanishing
- There is a growing inclination towards American culture
- Deterioration and improvement in the status of women
- There is a growing interest in foreign films, festivals and music
- Conservatism is coming to an end
- People's thinking is changing.
- Foreign culture has spread.
Question: Explain the political impact of globalisation?
Answer -
- The role of the state is important in developing countries because many problems such as poverty, unemployment, lack of health facilities, lack of education etc. exist in these countries.
- The first duty of the state is to solve these problems, that is why the nature of the state is that of a welfare state.
But as a result of globalisation there has been a change in the role of the state in developing countries which is as follows --
- The power of the state has decreased and the concept of welfare state has been replaced by a minimally interventionist state
- States now confine themselves to a few core functions, such as maintaining law and order and providing security to citizens
- States now pay less attention to welfare work
- The market, rather than the state, is now the primary determinant of economic and social priorities
- The advent of multinational companies has reduced the ability of governments in developing countries to take decisions on their own
- But it is also true that as a result of globalization, states now have access to advanced technology and can collect all kinds of information about their citizens and work more effectively.
Question – What is the meaning of cultural uniformity and cultural diversification?
Answer -
1. Cultural homogeneity
- Cultural homogeneity means the spread of Western culture throughout the world. Today, Western culture is spreading so fast throughout the world that it is taking the form of a global culture.
2. Cultural Diversification
- Cultural diversification involves different cultures, each culture becomes unique due to interaction with other cultures
Question - What is the World Social Forum? What are its objectives?
Answer -
- World Social Forum is a forum in which globalization is opposed
Objective
- Bringing together human rights activists, environmentalists, workers, women, youth on one platform to jointly oppose neo-liberal globalisation
Question: Explain the positive and negative effects of globalisation?
Answer -
1. Positive impact
- New employment opportunities
- Improvement in standard of living
- Increase in choice of goods
- Increasing choice of services
2. Negative effects
- imposition of western culture
- economic inequality
Question - What is protectionism? Why did India abandon this policy?
Answer -
- When the state restricts exports to other countries to benefit the industries of its country and to make the weaker people self-reliant so that our own producers can learn to make things, then this policy is called protectionism.
Why did India abandon this policy?
- By adopting this policy, there was progress in some areas but some important areas could not be given much attention like – housing, health, education etc. By adopting this, the economic growth rate remained slow. Due to this, India abandoned this policy in 1991 and adopted a new economic policy.
Question – Who has opposed globalization?
Answer -
Globalization is opposed by both the left and the right
1. Leftist
- Leftists oppose globalization, arguing that current globalization is a special system of worldwide capitalism that is making the rich richer while the poor are getting worse off
2. Right wing
Right-wing critics are concerned about its political, economic and cultural effects. They say that the political weakening of the state harms the public. According to them , economic interdependence is necessary in at least some areas. Right-wingers say that globalization has harmed culture -
- Western culture is being imposed on the world
- Cultures around the world are adapting to American culture
- Due to this, the ancient cultural heritage is slowly vanishing.
- Therefore it is dangerous not only for poor countries but for the entire humanity.
- Globalization has reduced the capacity of the states. Now the concept of welfare state has been replaced by a minimally interventionist state.
3. India and the resistance to globalisation -
- Indian Social Forum and Leftist Industrial Workers and Farmers Organizations oppose multinational companies against economic globalization
- Opposition to Neem patenting by American and European firms
- Opposition to cultural influences by the right wing such as celebrating Valentine's Day
