Alternative Centers of Power Important Short and Long Question Class 12 Political Science Chapter-2 Book-Contemporary World Politics
0Team Eklavyaअप्रैल 30, 2025
Question – What is meant by Marshall Plan?
Answer -
Europe suffered huge losses after the second world war
In such a situation, America gave tremendous help for restructuring the economy of Western Europe which is known as Marshall Plan
Question - When was the European Economic Cooperation Organization formed
Answer – 1948
Question - When was the European Council formed
Answer – 1949
Question - When was the European Economic Community formed
Answer – 1957
Question - When was the European Union formed
Answer – 1992
Question: Is Britain now a member of the European Union?
Answer -
No, the UK is no longer a member of the EU
Britain held a referendum in 2016
and then exited the EU in 2020
it's called breakit
Question – What is meant by European Union?
Answer -
The European Union is an organization of European countries
It was established in February 1992 by the Maastricht Treaty
Initially the European Union worked as an economic organization but later it started working as a political organization
The European Union has its own flag, anthem, founding day, and currency
The EU tried to create its own constitution in 2003 but failed
Question: Explain the objective of formation of European Union?
Answer -
Common Foreign Policy and Security Policy
mutual cooperation
uniform currency
visa free movement
Question: What are the main factors that make the European Union strong?
Answer -
Tremendous economic, political, military influence
In 2016 it was the world's largest economy
Its gross domestic product was more than $17000 billion
Its currency Euro can be a threat to the US Dollar
It has three times more share in world trade than the US
One member of the European Union has veto power (France)
The second largest army in the world
France has around 335 nuclear weapons
Question: What are the weaknesses of European Union?
Answer -
The member countries of the European Union have their own foreign and defense policies.
These policies sometimes go against each other
Example -
When America attacked Iraq, Britain supported the attack, but Germany and France were against it.
Denmark and Sweden are not ready to accept the Euro currency and the Maastricht Treaty
Britain left the European Union
Many of its member countries were in the American alliance
Question – When was ASEAN established?
Answer -
ASEAN is the Association of Southeast Asian Nations
ASEAN was founded in 1967 by five countries
The signing of the Bangkok Declaration took place
Initially it had 5 countries
But later 5 more countries joined
Origin - Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand
Countries added later - Brunei Darussalam, Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, Cambodia
Question: Explain the objectives of ASEAN?
Answer -
accelerate economic growth
To develop social and cultural
Reforming law and governance
Promote regional peace and stability based on UN rules
Question – What is ASEAN style?
Answer -
ASEAN has gained considerable praise for presenting a new model of informal, non-confrontational, cooperative, and harmonious interaction known as the ASEAN Way.
Question: What are the three main pillars of ASEAN?
Answer -
ASEAN Security Community
ASEAN Economic Community
ASEAN Sociocultural Community
Question: When was the ASEAN Regional Forum established and tell its objectives?
Answer -
The ASEAN Regional Forum was established in 1994
Objective -
Protecting ASEAN countries
Maintaining coherence in the foreign policy of ASEAN countries
Question – What is meant by ASEAN Vision 2020?
Answer -
ASEAN Vision Document 2020 highlights ASEAN's outward-looking role in the international community
This has emerged from the policy of promoting dialogue instead of confrontation
ASEAN resolves Cambodia conflict
ASEAN handles East Timor crisis
Question: When did China adopt the Open Door Policy and what were its results?
Answer -
China adopted the Open Door Policy in 1978 under the leadership of Deng Xiaoping
Since then, China has started to develop rapidly.
China's foreign trade increased after adopting the open door policy
China did not adopt shock therapy but opened its economy in a phased manner
Question: When did China privatize agriculture and industry?
Answer -
China in 1982 – privatization of agriculture
China in 1998 – privatization of industries
Question: In which four areas did Chou En Lai propose modernization?
Answer -
Chou En Lai proposed modernization in 4 areas in 1973
Agriculture
Industry
Army
Science and Technology
Question - China and India are emerging as big economic powers? Describe it?
China
great economic power
Resolving differences with Japan and USA
Investments in Asia, Africa, and American countries
Becoming a member of the WTO
major exporting country
India
Emergence as a major economic power
nuclear armed countries
key role in international politics
promoting global trade
Question - Japan is being seen as the new centre of power? Tell us the specialty of Japan?
Answer -
Japan is an island country located to the east of the Asian continent
Japan is the only country in the world to have suffered the horror of atomic bomb
Article 9 of Japan's Constitution states the permanent renunciation of the use of force in settling international disputes
Japan is seen as the new centre of power as Japan is a fast emerging economy
Japan is the only Asian country included in the G-7
Japan has very little natural resources and imports raw materials, yet it is renowned for producing high technology products
Sony, Panasonic, Honda, Suzuki are famous Japanese brands.
Japan became a member of the OECD in 1964.
The economy of Japan is the third largest in the world.
In terms of population, Japan ranks 11th in the world.
Japan is the second largest country in terms of contribution to the budget of the United Nations.
Question: Explain the main objectives of forming regional organizations?
