Society and Sociology Notes in English Class 11 Sociology Chapter-1 Book-Introducing Sociology

 

What is society?

• Society is an organization where people come together, interact, and establish shared policies, intentions, and values. 

• In society people organize themselves and participate in social, economic, cultural, religious, and political activities. 

• These include social, economic, cultural, religious, political, and historical influences.

Features of society 

• Organized

• relationship

• Diversity

• rights and duties

• Harmony

• there are constant changes 

Individuality and collectivity 

• Both the individual and the collectivity represent important aspects of social humanity and  there is a deep connection between them.

1 person

• Individuals   are an integral part of the social structure. 

• A person's skills and thinking ability directly impact social influences.

• A person's sensitivity, thinking ability, and adherence to ideals play an important role in the development of society.

2. Collectivism

• Collectivism is an important characteristic of society that reflects the relationship and cooperation among the members of a group or society.

• Through collectivism people share with each other, work together, and strive together to achieve a social goal.

What is sociology?

• It is a discipline that studies various aspects of human society. 

• It studies society, social structure, organization, and the effects of social change.  

sociology (  study of a group of people)

• It attempts to understand the relationships between different societies, communities, and organizations, social reactions, and the reasons behind social changes.

• The father of sociology  is August Comte (French thinker). Earlier  it  was called social physics, in 1838 it was changed to a subject called sociology. 

• It attempts to understand the relationships between different societies, communities, and organizations, social reactions, and the reasons behind social changes.

• Sociology studies various aspects of human habitat, social organization, social structure, culture, social divisions, social justice, and social relations.

• Sociology gives us an understanding of the relationships between different individuals that regularly operate in society and explores the deeper causes behind social reality.

Types of sociology 

1. MACRO SOCIOLOGY  

2. Micro Sociology

1. Macro sociology 

• Analyzes social structures and institutions on a large scale. 

• Looks at social inequality, social change, institutions, and global processes. 

2. Microsociology 

• Examines small-scale social relationships and individual behavior within society.

• How individuals interact with each other.  

Sociological studies in India 

• Mumbai University 1919 

• Formal Studies in the Department of Sociology. 

Why is it needed in India?

• Understanding social issues

• policy making

• social development

• Promoting social justice

• cultural diversity

Intellectual ideas that played a role in the creation of sociology 

1. Max Weber:

• Weber developed a materialist, qualitative and normative approach to sociology. His works "Social Studies" and "The Dominance of Bourgiasian Ideals" are important in sociology.

2.Karl Marx:

• Developed Marxist sociology, which focused on the study of social inequality, labor issues, and production control. 

• His works "Kapital" and "Manifesto of the Communist Party" are important in the field of sociology.

3. Herbert Spencer: 

• Spencer played a key role in the development of evolutionary sociology through works such as "Principles of Sociology" and "The First Principal of Sociology"

Material issues that play a role in the formation of sociology 

• Economic structure

• Urbanization

• Health and housing

• technology and traffic

Relationship of sociology with social sciences 

• Sociology and Political Science 

• Sociology and History 

• Sociology and Psychology 

• Sociology and Economics 

Sociology

• Studies structure, organization, inequality, change.

• The main focus is on social structure, social change, social equality, and social justice.

Political Science 

• Studies political organization, governance, rights, elections. 

• The main focus is on political processes, governance and political conflict. 

Sociology and History  

• Sociology deals with the structure, organization, inequality, and justice of society; history studies the changes in society over different periods of time.

• History studies the early forms of society, culture, and social orders, while sociology analyzes their structure and causes.

Sociology and Psychology 

• Psychology studies various aspects of the human mind, such as thoughts, emotions, behavior, and mental health, while sociology studies the emotional impact of people in society.

• Sociology studies the relationships, structure, and organization of society, while psychology analyzes human behavior.

• Sociology studies social conflict, social equality, and social relations in society, while psychology studies mental processes, such as attention, memory, and judgment

Sociology and Economics 

• Studies the structure, organization, social inequality, social processes, cultural trends, and social justice of society.

• Economics studies various economies, production, finance, financial policies, and economic systems.

• Sociology studies leadership, conflict, and social coordination.

• Economics is the study of economic formulas and policies to manage economic systems.

• Sociology is the study of social problems, organizations, and conflicts.

• Economics involves the study of economy, finance, business, and policies.