Rights in Indian Constitution Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Political Science Chapter-2 Book-India Constitution at Work

Question- What is meant by rights?

Answer -

• Without rights man cannot develop himself. 

• Rights are those rights which a common man needs to live his life and which he demands 

• The facilities provided by law protect the rights.

Question –  What is meant by general rights?

Answer -

• Such rights which are enforced with the help of ordinary laws and  the legislature can make changes in these rights by making laws in the Parliament  are called general rights. 

Question- Which fundamental rights are described in the Indian Constitution?

Answer -

• According to Articles 12-35 in Part-3 of the Constitution, the people of India   have fundamental rights through which they can achieve their all-round development.  

• Our constitution guarantees these fundamental rights and in case of their violation we can approach the judiciary 

Fundamental Rights - 

1. Right to equality

2. Right to freedom 

3. Right against exploitation

4. Religious freedom rights 

5. Rights related to culture and education

6. Right to Constitutional Remedies

Question - What is meant by the Directive Principles of State Policy?

Answer -

• In independent India , apart from fundamental rights, many rules were needed to  bring equality among all citizens and  to ensure welfare of all  .

• Under the Directive Principles of State Policy, similar policy instructions  were given to the governments, which cannot be challenged in the court but the government can be urged to implement them. It is the responsibility of the government to implement them to the extent it can.

Question-  What is meant by fundamental duties?

Answer -

• Our constitution provides fundamental rights to the citizens.  In such a situation, it is the duty of the citizens to respect their constitution  , respect their country, respect the national anthem, respect the national heritage. 

• Fundamental duties basically show the dedication of citizens towards the country  

• In 1976, the 42nd Amendment of the Constitution added a list of fundamental duties of citizens (Article 51(A)). 

Under this, the eleven fundamental duties of citizens are as follows:-

1. To abide by the Constitution, respect the National Flag and National Anthem.

2. To cherish and follow the high ideals that inspired the national movement.

3. To protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.

4. To be ready to defend and serve the nation.

5. To create brotherhood among citizens.

6. Understand the importance of the glorious tradition of our social culture and maintain it.

7. Preserve and protect the natural environment.

8. Develop scientific outlook, humanism and the possibility of acquiring knowledge and improvement.

9. Keep public property safe, make Swachh Bharat Abhiyan a success and stay away from violence.

10. Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activities.

11. Provision of primary education for children between 6 and 14 years of age by parents or guardians. (Amendment 86)

Question- Which fundamental right has Dr. Ambedkar called the 'heart and soul of the Constitution'?

Answer -

• Dr. Ambedkar called the Right to Constitutional Remedies the 'heart and soul' of the Constitution 

• According to this, every citizen has the right to  go directly to the High Court or the Supreme Court  in case of violation of fundamental rights  .

• The Supreme Court or the High Courts can order the government  to enforce the fundamental rights  .

• Courts issue many types of special orders called writs. 

Question:  Which writs can the judiciary issue in case of violation of fundamental rights? 

Answer -

• If someone violates the fundamental rights of a person  then in such a situation the Supreme Court or the High Court can order the government  to enforce the fundamental rights   .

• Courts issue many types of special orders called writs. 

1. Habeas Corpus

2. Mandate

3. Prohibitory orders

4. Rights Question

5. Writ of summons

Question-  Tell me about Habeas Corpus?

Answer -

• Through habeas corpus the court orders an arrested person to be presented before the court. 

• If the manner or reason of arrest is illegal or unsatisfactory,  the court may order the release of the arrested person. 

Question-  Tell me about mandamus?

Answer -

• When the court feels that a government official is not performing his legal and constitutional obligations  and this is affecting the fundamental rights of a person.

• In such a case a mandamus is issued by the court

Question-  Tell me about mandamus?

Answer -

• When the court feels that a government official is not following his legal and constitutional obligations  and this is affecting the fundamental rights of a person.  In such a case, a mandamus is issued by the court

Question: What is the relation between Fundamental Rights and State Policy Directive Principles?

Answer -

• Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles can be seen as complementary to each other. 

• While fundamental rights impose restrictions on some actions of the government,  the directive principles encourage it to do certain actions.

• Fundamental rights talk about the rights of an individual  while Directive Principles talk about the rights of the entire society 

• Sometimes, while implementing the Directive Principles, it clashes with the Fundamental Rights.