Indian Sociologists Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Sociology Chapter-3 Book-Understanding Society
0Team Eklavyaजून 10, 2025
1. When and where did formal education in sociology begin in India?
Answer:
Formal education in sociology in India began in 1919 at Bombay University. After this, in 1920, Calcutta and Lucknow universities also started teaching sociology and anthropology.
2. What were the important questions faced during the development of Indian sociology?
Answer:
Western sociology developed to understand modernity, so what will be its role in India?
Anthropology developed to understand primitive cultures in European societies, so what will be its relevance in India?
As India, a newly independent nation, was moving towards planned development and democracy, what could sociology contribute to it?
3. What was the contribution of Shri L. K. Ananthakrishna Iyer to Indian sociology?
Answer:
He was the first educated anthropologist to achieve national and international fame.
He helped establish India's first postgraduate anthropology department.
He was elected President of the Ethnological Section of the Indian Science Congress.
A German university awarded him a doctorate.
4. What was the contribution of Sharat Chandra Roy to sociology?
Answer:
He was originally a lawyer but later became an anthropologist.
He conducted extensive studies on tribal societies, particularly the Chhota Nagpur region.
In 1922 he founded the magazine "Man in India", which is still published today.
5. What is Govind Sadashiv Ghurye known for in Indian sociology?
Answer:
He is considered the founder of Indian sociology.
He established the Department of Sociology at the University of Bombay and ran it for 35 years.
He founded the "Indian Sociological Society" and published a journal called "Sociological Bulletin".
His book "Caste and Race in India" is one of the important research done on caste and race.
6. What are the characteristics of caste according to Ghurye?
Answer:
Caste is based on segmental division.
Caste is determined by birth.
Caste membership is granted by birth only.
Caste is based on hierarchical system.
Caste imposes restrictions on social interaction.
Caste limits the choice of occupation.
7. What contribution did Dhrujati Prasad Mukherjee make to Indian sociology?
Answer:
He studied history and economics before sociology.
He wrote the important book "Introduction to Indian Music".
He believed that the structure of Indian society is based on groups and traditions and not on individualism.
He said that the primary need of an Indian sociologist is to understand Indian traditions.
8. What are the three theories of change in Indian society?
Answer:
1. Shruti - religious and classical traditions.
2. Smriti- written and prevalent social rules.
3. Experience – Changes arising from collective experiences.
9. What was the contribution of Akshay Ramanlal Desai to Indian sociology?
Answer:
He was a Marxist thinker.
His thesis "The Social Background of Indian Nationalism" became very famous.
He was the President of the "Indian Sociological Society".
He criticized the modern capitalist state and wrote an essay called "The Myth of the Welfare State".
10. What contribution did Mysore Narasimhachar Srinivas (MN Srinivas) make to Indian sociology?
Answer:
He coined the concepts of "Sanskritization" and "Westernization".
He studied Indian villages extensively and considered villages as units of social change.
He wrote a famous research book titled "Religion and Society Among the Coorgs of South India".
He founded the Department of Sociology at the Delhi School of Economics.
11. According to Srinivas, what are the characteristics of Indian villages?
Answer:
Village is a social identity.
Villages are historically linked socially, economically and politically.
Villages are not self-sufficient, but are linked to wider structures.
After independence there was rapid social change in the villages.
12. What were Louis Dumont’s views on caste?
Answer:
He said that caste is a social institution, while the village is merely a place of residence.
The caste system affects a person's entire life.
The role of caste and religion is more important than in the village.
13. What is the difference between sociology and social anthropology?
Answer:
Sociology mainly studies modern societies and their structures.
Social anthropology focuses more on the study of traditional, tribal and indigenous societies.
14. What is the importance of the study of villages in Indian sociology?
Answer:
A large part of the Indian population lives in villages.
Villages are the basis of India's social, economic and cultural structure.
The study of villages was necessary to understand social change after independence.
15. How did sociology develop in India?
Answer:
Initially this subject was based on Western principles.
During 1920-1950, attempts were made to adapt it to the Indian context.
After 1950 it emerged as an independent subject, in which various aspects of Indian society were studied in depth.
16. Which aspects are mainly studied in Indian sociology?
Answer:
Caste system and social divisions.
Study of rural and urban society.
Change and Modernization in Indian Society.
The impact of social movements and reforms.
17. What is the relationship between sociology and politics?
Answer:
Sociology looks at politics as a social structure.
The political system controls and influences the structure of society.
Sociology is essential to understand the role of the state and society.
