Executive Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Political Science Chapter-4 Book-India Constitution at Work

 

Question: The President is a rhetorical head. Explain.

Answer - 

• Because the real powers are exercised by the Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers 

Question -  On which circumstances does the powers of the Prime Minister depend? How?

Answer - 

• When there is an absolute majority in the House the Prime Minister  becomes very influential. 

• But when there is no majority then  he has to do all the work after consulting the leaders of the allied parties. 

Question –  What is called executive?

Answer - 

• Executive is the group of people  who work to implement rules, regulations and laws. 

• The executive is responsible for implementing the laws made by the legislature

• The executive branch consists of the Prime Minister, the President, ministers and government employees  (members of the civil service) 

Question:  How many types of executive are there? 

Answer - 

There are 3 types of executive

1.  Presidential Executive

• the president is the head of the country

• the president is the head of the government

• The President is usually elected by direct election

• He is not answerable to the legislature

2.  Semi-presidential executive

• the president is the head of the country

• the prime minister is the head of the government

• The Prime Minister and his Council of Ministers are answerable to the legislature

3.  Parliamentary executive

• the head of the government is the prime minister

• The leader of the majority party in the legislature is

• is accountable to the legislature

Question:  Explain the difference between political executive and permanent executive. 

Answer - 

1. Political executive - 

Provisional Executive

• They are elected for 5 years, but  can also be removed before time if  they are not proficient in their work. 

Permanent Executive - 

• work until retirement age 

• Are competent and skilled in their work 

• Being efficient and skilled, they help the political executive.

Question –  What is meant by executive?

Answer - 

• The executive is the part of government that enforces laws 

Question –  What is meant by presidential executive?

Answer -

• Here the President is the head of both the executive and the legislature   

Question:   Describe one discretionary power given to the President of India?

Answer -

• Electing the Prime Minister when  no party has a majority in the Lok Sabha 

Question –  What is meant by pocket veto?

Answer -

• If the President keeps  a bill with him for a long time without giving permission on it,  then in such a situation he uses pocket veto.

Question –   Who appoints the Governor?

Answer - 

President 

Question:  Describe the emergency powers of the President?

Answer - 

When Parliament is not in session the President 

1. Can issue ordinances. 

2. If the country is attacked. 

3. If there is a financial crisis in the country. 

Question -  " What provisions have been made in the Constitution to  enable all sections of society to become a part of the bureaucracy  ?"

Answer -

• Reservation has been provided for Dalits and tribals in the Constitution. 

• Later, reservation was also given to women and other backward classes. 

Question - "The Governor acts as an agent of the Central Government" How?

Answer -

• Because the Governor is appointed by the President,  he acts as an agent  of the Central Government in the concerned state  .

Question - "An efficient administrative machinery exists in India" Explain.

Answer -

• Civil servants in India are trained and skilled officers,  they are experts in their respective subjects  so they help politicians in making and implementing policies  . 

Question - "Bureaucracy is the medium through which the public welfare policies of the government reach the people." Do you agree with this statement?

Answer -

• Yes, because the members of bureaucracy are efficient and skilled and they help the politicians in making policies and implementing them.

Question:  What are the privileges of the President which make his power effective?

Answer -

• Veto 

• Election of the Prime Minister during a coalition government

Question – Describe four characteristics of the parliamentary executive.

Answer -

• In a parliamentary executive the head of government is the Prime Minister  

• Head of state: President or King or Queen 

• The leader of the majority party in the legislature is the Prime Minister 

• accountable to the legislature 

Question - "  The Prime Minister acts as a bridge between the President and the Parliament". Explain.

Answer -

• The Prime Minister advises the President,  informs him of the proceedings of the House  and conveys the President's message to the House.

Question:  Generally it is seen that in countries with parliamentary executive the Prime Minister becomes very powerful. What are the reasons behind this? 

Answer -

• Because the Prime Minister has complete control over the Council of Ministers and  hegemony over the bureaucracy 

• Leadership of Lok Sabha 

• Access to media 

• The emergence of his personality during the elections, 

• Image of the national leader during international conferences 

• Image of national leader during foreign visits 

Question -  The President cannot act as per his will in the election of the Prime Minister.  Explain 

Answer -

• Because only the leader of the party that has majority in the Lok Sabha can be made the Prime Minister. Even during a coalition, only the person who has the confidence of the House can be made the Prime Minister.

Question -  Due to the era of coalition, the powers of the Prime Minister have been curtailed.  Do you agree with this statement? 

Answer -

• Yes, we agree with the statement that  the powers of the Prime Minister have been curtailed due to the coalition era. 

• Discussions with political allies have increased. 

• A Prime Minister with a coalition cannot select ministers as per his wish 

• A coalition prime minister cannot decide policies and programmes alone