Composition and Structure of Atmosphere Short and Long Important Question Class 11 Geography Chapter-7 Book-Fundamental of Physical Geography
0Team Eklavyaजून 11, 2025
Q. What is the difference between pediment and pediplane?
Answer -
1. Pediment
A gently sloping, broad, and flat rock surface found at the base of mountains or hills.
It is formed primarily due to erosion processes, where water and wind remove weathered material from the mountain face, leaving a flat surface.
2. Pediplain
There is a wide, undulating plain that results from several pediments joining together.
As erosion continues, mountains are gradually eroded away, and their pediments join with the pediments of neighboring mountains to form a broad, flat plain called a pediplain.
Question: Explain the different types of moraine.
Answer -
Terminal moraine at the end of the glacier
Lateral moraine runs parallel to the walls of the glacial valley
the median moraine lies in the middle of the valley
Disorganized deposit in the floor of the valley
Question: Describe the process of umbrella construction.
Answer -
It is a type of rock formation in which the lower part of the rock is thin and the upper part is wide and round, giving it a mushroom shape.
Most rocks in deserts are eroded by wind and the eroded remains of resistant rocks are found with thin bases and broad and rounded cap-shaped tops, forming umbrella-like shapes.
Question – Highlight the main points related to Playa Lakes.
Answer -
Deserts are basins surrounded by hills in the plains.
With water availability, these areas turn into shallow lakes called 'playas'.
Rich deposits of salts are found in playa lakes and such plains are called Kallar lands or alkaline areas.
Question: Give details of different types of sand dunes formed by desert deposition.
Answer -
1. Barkhan
2. Seafood
3. Parabolic dunes
4. Longitudinal dunes
5. Transverse Dunes
Question - The atmosphere is made up of many gases." Confirm the statement.
Answer -
The ratio of gases changes in the upper layers of the atmosphere.
Essential gases such as oxygen for the life of humans and animals and carbon dioxide for plants are found in the atmosphere.
Carbon dioxide absorbs some of the terrestrial radiation and is responsible for the greenhouse effect.
Ozone gas is found between the heights of 10 to 50 km above the earth's surface and absorbs ultraviolet rays coming from the sun.
Question – Briefly explain the composition of the atmosphere?
Answer -
Gases
1. Oxygen: An essential gas for humans, animals and most living organisms.
2. Nitrogen: The most abundant gas, which provides essential nutrients to plants.
3. Carbon dioxide: Essential for plants in the photosynthesis process, and the main cause of the greenhouse effect.
4. Ozone: This gas found in the stratosphere of the atmosphere absorbs the ultraviolet rays of the sun.
water vapour
The amount of water vapor present in the atmosphere varies with time and place.
It decreases with altitude.
Water vapor balances the earth's temperature.
Water vapor causes clouds, fog, dew, and precipitation, which change the Earth's weather.
dust particles
Dust particles enter the atmosphere from a variety of sources, such as: soil, pollen, smoke, ash, and broken particles of meteors.
Dust particles are concentrated in the lower parts of the atmosphere, but they can also reach higher altitudes.
Dust particles help condense water vapour, which leads to the formation of clouds.
Dust particles scatter sunlight, making the sky appear blue.
